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Schedule refinement for homogeneousmulti-core processors in the presence of manufacturing-caused heterogeneity

Zhi-xiang CHEN,Zhao-lin LI,Shan CAO,Fang WANG,Jie ZHOU

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1018-1033 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500035

摘要： Multi-core homogeneous processors have been widely used to deal with computation-intensive embedded applications. However, with the continuous down scaling of CMOS technology, within-die variations in the manufacturing process lead to a significant spread in the operating speeds of cores within homogeneous multi-core processors. Task scheduling approaches, which do not consider such heterogeneity caused by within-die variations, can lead to an overly pessimistic result in terms of performance. To realize an optimal performance according to the actual maximum clock frequencies at which cores can run, we present a heterogeneity-aware schedule refining (HASR) scheme by fully exploiting the heterogeneities of homogeneous multi-core processors in embedded domains. We analyze and show how the actual maximum frequencies of cores are used to guide the scheduling. In the scheme, representative chip operating points are selected and the corresponding optimal schedules are generated as candidate schedules. During the booting of each chip, according to the actual maximum clock frequencies of cores, one of the candidate schedules is bound to the chip to maximize the performance. A set of applications are designed to evaluate the proposed scheme. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can improve the performance by an average value of 22.2%, compared with the baseline schedule based on the worst case timing analysis. Compared with the conventional task scheduling approach based on the actual maximum clock frequencies, the proposed scheme also improves the performance by up to 12%.

关键词： Schedule refining     Multi-core processor     Heterogeneity     Representative chip operating point    

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Substance flow analysis for an urban drainage system of a representative hypothetical city in China

Hua BAI, Siyu ZENG, Xin DONG, Jining CHEN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第5期   页码 746-755 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0551-y

摘要： This paper discusses the use of substance flow analysis (SFA) as a tool to support quantified research on urban drainage systems. Based on the principle of mass balance, a static substance flow model is established to describe and examine the routes and intensities of water, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) for a representative hypothetical city (RH city) in China, which is a devised and scaled city using statistical characteristics of urban circumstances at the national level. It is estimated that the annual flux of water, COD, TN and TP through the urban drainage system in 2010 was 55.1 million m , 16037.3 t, 1649.5 t and 209.7 t, respectively. The effluent of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was identified as the most important pathway for pollutant emissions, which contributed approximately 60% of COD, 65% of TN and 50% of TP to receiving water. During the wastewater treatment process, 1.0 million m , 7042.5 t, 584.2 t and 161.4 t of the four studied substances had been transmitted into sludge, meanwhile 3813.0 t of COD and 394.0 t of TN were converted and emitted to the atmosphere. Compared with the representative hypothetical city of 2000, urban population and the area of urban built districts had expanded by approximately 90% and 80% respectively during the decade, resulting in a more than threefold increase in the input of substances into the urban drainage system. Thanks to the development of urban drainage systems, the total loads of the city were maintained at a similar level.

关键词： substance flow analysis (SFA)     urban drainage system     representative hypothetical city (RH city)     water pollution control    

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Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected

Azzouz TAMAARAT,Abdelhamid BENAKCHA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第3期   页码 371-378 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0318-6

摘要： Due to several factors, wind energy becomes an essential type of electricity generation. The share of this type of energy in the network is becoming increasingly important. The objective of this work is to present the modeling and control strategy of a grid connected wind power generation scheme using a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) driven by the rotor. This paper is to present the complete modeling and simulation of a wind turbine driven DFIG in the second mode of operating (the wind turbine pitch control is deactivated). It will introduce the vector control, which makes it possible to control independently the active and reactive power exchanged between the stator of the generator and the grid, based on vector control concept (with stator flux or voltage orientation) with classical PI controllers. Various simulation tests are conducted to observe the system behavior and evaluate the performance of the control for some optimization criteria (energy efficiency and the robustness of the control). It is also interesting to play on the quality of electric power by controlling the reactive power exchanged with the grid, which will facilitate making a local correction of power factor.

关键词： wind power     doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)     vector control     active power     reactive power     maximum power point tracking (MPPT)    

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Application of the invasive weed optimization algorithm to economic dispatch problems

T. JAYABARATHI, Afshin YAZDANI, V. RAMESH

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 255-259 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0202-1

摘要： In this paper the invasive weed optimization algorithm has been applied to a variety of economic dispatch (ED) problems. The ED problem is concerned with minimizing the fuel cost by optimally loading the electrical generators which are committed to supply a given demand. Some involve prohibited operating zones, transmission losses and valve point loading. In general, they are non-linear non-convex optimization problems which cannot be directly solved by conventional methods. In this work the invasive weed algorithm, a meta-heuristic method inspired by the proliferation of weeds, has been applied to four numerical examples and has resulted in promising solutions compared to published results.

关键词： economic dispatch (ED)     invasive weed optimization     non-convexity     prohibited operating zones (POZ)     valve point loading     meta-heuristic    

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人体胃肠道–菌群相互作用的工程学研究模型

Marc Mac Giolla Eain, Joanna Baginska, Kacy Greenhalgh, Joëlle V. Fritz, Frederic Zenhausern, Paul Wilmes

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 60-65 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.011

摘要：

研究宿主–胃肠道微生物的相互作用已经成为管理人类健康和疾病的关键组成部分。微生理系统的发展正在为研究人员提供前所未有的对于这种复杂关系的获取和理解。这些系统结合了微型工程、微流体和细胞培养的优点，来创建人类肠道中普遍存在的环境条件。在这里我们提出的HuMiX(人类微生物交联对话) 平台，是一个利用这种多学科方法提供具有代表性的人体胃肠道的体外模型系统，用于研究宿主–微生物分子的相互作用。我们总结了使用该平台获得的概念验证结果，强调其对于大大增强我们对宿主–微生物相互作用了解的潜力，且其可能对药物、食品和营养以及医疗保健行业产生的巨大影响。同时讨论了这些技术面临的一些关键问题和挑战。

关键词： 微生物     微流体     肠道芯片     HuMiX    

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基于飞秒激光的用于捕获肿瘤细胞的聚合物芯片实验室的智能程序 Article

Annalisa Volpe, Udith Krishnan, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Elisabetta Primiceri, Antonio Ancona, Francesco Ferrara

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第10期   页码 1436-1442 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.012

摘要：

由于聚合物芯片实验室具有高度的精准性和灵活性，将其用于设计和制造的快速原型制作方法正在兴起。例如，一个微流控平台可能需要优化阶段，而在此阶段需要不断修改结构和几何形状；然而，这只有在具有简易可控的制造方法和低成本材料的情况下才可能实现。本文描述了一个微流控工具的实现过程，从计算机辅助设计（CAD）到作为循环肿瘤细胞（CTC）捕获工具应用的概念验证。整个平台通过使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）及结合飞秒（fs）激光和微铣制造技术实现。该多层设备通过一种简便、低成本的溶剂辅助方法组装。然后通过固定能够在没有标记的情况下区分癌细胞与非癌细胞的捕获探针，实现蛇形微通道的直接生物功能化。由于低材料成本、可定制的方法以及可生物应用，已实现的平台成为即时医疗工业开发与应用的合适模型。

关键词： 芯片实验室     飞秒激光     循环肿瘤细胞     即时医疗     热键合     聚合物    

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Detection of solder bump defects on a flip chip using vibration analysis

Junchao LIU, Tielin SHI, Qi XIA, Guanglan LIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第7卷 第1期   页码 29-37 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0314-7

摘要：

Flip chips are widely used in microelectronics packaging owing to the high demand of integration in IC fabrication. Solder bump defects on flip chips are difficult to detect, because the solder bumps are obscured by the chip and substrate. In this paper a nondestructive detection method combining ultrasonic excitation with vibration analysis is presented for detecting missing solder bumps, which is a typical defect in flip chip packaging. The flip chip analytical model is revised by considering the influence of spring mass on mechanical energy of the system. This revised model is then applied to estimate the flip chip resonance frequencies. We use an integrated signal generator and power amplifier together with an air-coupled ultrasonic transducer to excite the flip chips. The vibrations are measured by a laser scanning vibrometer to detect the resonance frequencies. A sensitivity coefficient is proposed to select the sensitive resonance frequency order for defect detection. Finite element simulation is also implemented for further investigation. The results of analytical computation, experiment, and simulation prove the efficacy of the revised flip chip analytical model and verify the effectiveness of this detection method. Therefore, it may provide a guide for the improvement and innovation of the flip chip on-line inspection systems.

关键词： flip chip     defect detection     ultrasonic excitation     vibration analysis    

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Identification of abnormal operating conditions and intelligent decision system

Xiuliang LI, Junjie JIANG, Hongye SU, Jian CHU

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第6卷 第4期   页码 456-462 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0224-0

摘要：

In earth pressure balance (EPB) shield construction, the “plastic flow state” is difficult to form using the soil dug in the capsule because it can cause three abnormal operating conditions, including occlusion, caking in the capsule, and spewing at the outlet of the dump device. These abnormal operating conditions can, in turn, trigger failure in tunneling, cutter-device damage, and even catastrophic incidents, such as ground settlement. This present paper effectively integrates the mechanism of abnormal operating conditions and knowledge of soil conditioning, and establishes a uniform model of identifying abnormal conditions and intelligent decision support system based on the belief rule-base system. The model maximizes knowledge in improving the soil, construction experience, and data to optimize the model online. Finally, a numerical simulation with specific construction data is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.

关键词： earth pressure balance (EPB) shield machine     soil pressure cabin     abnormal operating condition     belief rule-base system    

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Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 374-383 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0710-3

摘要： Gasification is a promising approach for converting solid fuel sources, including renewable ones like biomass, for use. The main problem in biomass gasification is the formation of condensable tars, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This paper investigated the conversion of tar components during corn straw gasification. It analyzed collected tar components using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrograph (GC-MS). Experimental results indicate that, with increasing temperature from 700°C to 900°C, the concentrations of benzene, indene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene, and pyrene increased whereas those of toluene, phenol, 1-methylnaphthalene, and 2-methylnaphthalene decreased. As the equivalence ratio (ER) increased from 0.21 to 0.34, the concentrations of indene and phenanthrene increased from 0.148% and 0.087% to 0.232% and 0.223%, respectively. Further, the phenol content increased as ER increased from 0.21 to 0.26 and then decreased as the ER increased further to 0.34. Other parameters like the steam/biomass (S/B) ratio and catalyst also played a critical role in tar reduction. This paper demonstrates the conversion of some tar components and elucidates their chemical properties during gasification.

关键词： gasification     tar components     operating parameters    

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Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

Zhijian Liu, Haiyang Liu, Hang Yin, Rui Rong, Guoqing Cao, Qihong Deng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1327-9

摘要： Abstract • The effectiveness of four different ventilation systems was compared in depth. • Airflow and bacteria-carrying particles concentration were quantitatively analyzed. • Vertical laminar airflow with high airflow rate could not achieve desired effect. • Temperature-controlled airflow ventilation could guarantee air cleanliness. Biological particles in the operating room (OR) air environment can cause surgical site infections (SSIs). Various ventilation systems have been employed in ORs to ensure an ultraclean environment. However, the effect of different ventilation systems on the control of bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs) released from the surgical staff during surgery is unclear. In this study, the performance of four different ventilation systems (vertical laminar airflow ventilation (VLAF), horizontal laminar airflow ventilation (HLAF), differential vertical airflow ventilation (DVAF), and temperature-controlled airflow ventilation (TAF)) used in an OR was evaluated and compared based on the spatial BCP concentration. The airflow field in the OR was solved by the Renormalization Group (RNG) k-e turbulence model, and the BCP phase was calculated by Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) and the discrete random walk (DRW) model. It was found that the TAF system was the most effective ventilation system among the four ventilation systems for ensuring air cleanliness in the operating area. This study also indicated that air cleanliness in the operating area depended not only on the airflow rate of the ventilation system but also on the airflow distribution, which was greatly affected by obstacles such as surgical lamps and surgical staff.

关键词： Operating room (OR)     Bacteria-carrying particles (BCPs)     Surgical site infections (SSIs)     Ventilation    

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REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN DIVERSE CROPLAND OF A REPRESENTATIVE INTENSIVE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 530-540 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023515

摘要：

Soil nitrogen mineralization (Nmin) is a key process that converts organic N into mineral N that controls soil N availability to plants. However, regional assessments of soil Nmin in cropland and its affecting factors are lacking, especially in relation to variation in elevation. In this study, a 4-week incubation experiment was implemented to measure net soil Nmin rate, gross nitrification (Nit) rate and corresponding soil abiotic properties in five field soils (A–C, maize; D, flue-cured tobacco; and E, vegetables; with elevation decreasing from A to E) from different altitudes in a typical intensive agricultural area in Dali City, Yunnan Province, China. The results showed that soil Nmin rate ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 mg·kg−1·d−1 N, with the highest value observed in field E, followed by fields D, C, B, and A, which indicated that soil Nmin and Nit rates varied between fields, decreasing with elevation. The soil Nit rate ranged from 434.2 to 827.1 µg·kg−1·h−1 N, with the highest value determined in field D, followed by those in fields E, C, B, and A. The rates of soil Nmin and Nit were positively correlated with several key soil parameters, including total soil N, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved inorganic N across all fields, which indicated that soil variables regulated soil Nmin and Nit in cropland fields. In addition, a strong positive relationship was observed between soil Nmin and Nit. These findings provide a greater understanding of the response of soil Nmin among cropland fields related to spatial variation. It is suggested that the soil Nmin from cropland should be considered in the evaluation of the N transformations at the regional scale.

关键词： cropland     gross nitrification rate     regulatory factors     soil nitrogen mineralization     spatial variation    

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Dymola-based multi-parameters integrated optimization for high speed transfer system of LED chip sorter

Jie OUYANG, Bin LI, Shihua GONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第8卷 第2期   页码 118-126 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0253-y

摘要：

To enhance the performance of high speed transfer system of LED chip sorting equipment, its control parameters need to be well matching with the mechanical system. In practical issues, it is difficult and time-consuming work to get these parameters matched because their selection is strongly depended on individuals. In current work, an integrated optimization method was carried out to solve this problem, in which the multiple control parameters optimization, modeling and simulation were included, i.e., a multi-domain model of transfer system performed on Dymola platform. Based on this model, the searching area of the key control parameters was narrowed by performing integrated optimization. After that a group of parameters were selected from this narrowed area to perform the equipment’s controls. The result showed this method possesses a simple and reliable nature. The optimal solutions also indicated that the optimized control parameters can well satisfy the requirements of transfer system. On the other hand, it greatly reduced the engineering adjustment time by using this method.

关键词： LED chip sorter     multi-domain modeling and simulation     parameter optimization     modelica language    

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Effects of operating conditions on membrane charge property and nanofiltration

Li XU, Li-Shun DU, Jing HE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 492-499 doi: 10.1007/s11705-011-1143-7

摘要： The effects of the operating pressure, cross flow velocity, feed concentration, and temperature on the streaming and Zeta potential of the membranes were studied. The permeate flux and the retention rate under different nanofiltration operating conditions were also investigated. The results show that the higher pressure, feed concentration, temperature, and lower cross flow velocity lead to the higher absolute value of streaming and Zeta potential. The permeate flux of the nanofiltration decreases with the feed concentration and increases with not only the pressure but also the cross flow velocity and temperature. The higher the pressure and the cross flow velocity, the higher the retention rate. The lower feed concentration and higher temperature leads to lower retention rate. The effects of the operating conditions on the permeate flux and the retention rate were explained by the variation of the membrane charge property.

关键词： nanofiltration membrane     streaming potential     Zeta potential     permeate flux     retention rate    

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Single-chip 3D electric field microsensor

Biyun LING, Yu WANG, Chunrong PENG, Bing LI, Zhaozhi CHU, Bin LI, Shanhong XIA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第12卷 第4期   页码 581-590 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0454-x

摘要：

This paper presents a single-chip 3D electric field microsensor, in which a sensing element is set at the center to detect the Z-axis component of an electrostatic field. Two pairs of sensing elements with the same structure are arranged in a cross-like configuration to measure the X- and Y-axis electrostatic field components. An in-plane rotary mechanism is used in the microsensor to detect the X-, Y-, and Z-axis electrostatic field components simultaneously. The proposed microsensor is compact and presents high integration. The microsensor is fabricated through a MetalMUMPS process. Experimental results show that in the range of 0–50 kV/m, the linearity errors of the microsensor are within 5.5%, and the total measurement errors of the three electrostatic field components are less than 14.04%.

关键词： electric field microsensor     three-dimensional     single-chip     in-plane rotation    

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Intelligent technologies help operating mobile cabin hospitals effectively cope with COVID-19

Ying ZHOU, Lingling WANG, Lieyun DING, Zhouping TANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 459-460 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0113-5

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Schedule refinement for homogeneousmulti-core processors in the presence of manufacturing-caused heterogeneity

Zhi-xiang CHEN,Zhao-lin LI,Shan CAO,Fang WANG,Jie ZHOU

期刊论文

Substance flow analysis for an urban drainage system of a representative hypothetical city in China

Hua BAI, Siyu ZENG, Xin DONG, Jining CHEN

期刊论文

Performance of PI controller for control of active and reactive power in DFIG operating in a grid-connected

Azzouz TAMAARAT,Abdelhamid BENAKCHA

期刊论文

Application of the invasive weed optimization algorithm to economic dispatch problems

T. JAYABARATHI, Afshin YAZDANI, V. RAMESH

期刊论文

人体胃肠道–菌群相互作用的工程学研究模型

Marc Mac Giolla Eain, Joanna Baginska, Kacy Greenhalgh, Joëlle V. Fritz, Frederic Zenhausern, Paul Wilmes

期刊论文

基于飞秒激光的用于捕获肿瘤细胞的聚合物芯片实验室的智能程序

Annalisa Volpe, Udith Krishnan, Maria Serena Chiriacò, Elisabetta Primiceri, Antonio Ancona, Francesco Ferrara

期刊论文

Detection of solder bump defects on a flip chip using vibration analysis

Junchao LIU, Tielin SHI, Qi XIA, Guanglan LIAO

期刊论文

Identification of abnormal operating conditions and intelligent decision system

Xiuliang LI, Junjie JIANG, Hongye SU, Jian CHU

期刊论文

Experimental study on influence of operating parameters on tar components from corn straw gasification

Shuai GUO, Xiao WEI, Deyong CHE, Hongpeng LIU, Baizhong SUN

期刊论文

Prevention of surgical site infection under different ventilation systems in operating room environment

Zhijian Liu, Haiyang Liu, Hang Yin, Rui Rong, Guoqing Cao, Qihong Deng

期刊论文

REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN DIVERSE CROPLAND OF A REPRESENTATIVE INTENSIVE

期刊论文

Dymola-based multi-parameters integrated optimization for high speed transfer system of LED chip sorter

Jie OUYANG, Bin LI, Shihua GONG

期刊论文

Effects of operating conditions on membrane charge property and nanofiltration

Li XU, Li-Shun DU, Jing HE

期刊论文

Single-chip 3D electric field microsensor

Biyun LING, Yu WANG, Chunrong PENG, Bing LI, Zhaozhi CHU, Bin LI, Shanhong XIA

期刊论文

Intelligent technologies help operating mobile cabin hospitals effectively cope with COVID-19

Ying ZHOU, Lingling WANG, Lieyun DING, Zhouping TANG

期刊论文